(Coming soon) (incomplete)

There is a hadith that is point to this chapter and that is the hadith of “Islam is built upon 5” hadith (add reference here), The chief matter of Islam is Salat and the thing after that is Jihad after that

Fadl ahkam ul Islam

Know that Allah has made the 5 categories of the Actions of the mukhalif (mature and mentally sound person) to know about.

• 1^st its wajib that which is rewarded for doing it and punished for not doing it (5 faily prayers)
• 2^nd is mandub that which is rewarded for doing it and not punished for not doing it (extra prayers and so on)
• 3^rd Haram that which is punished for doing it and rewarded for not doing it (zina, drinking alcohol)
• 4^th Makruh that which is rewarded for not doing it and not punished for not doing it (silk,)
• 5^th Mubah no reward for doing it or for not doing it (neutral acts like eating food, lenin etc)

This book has kitabs, fasls and babs with Kitabs being the highest level, Kitab of Taharat/Salat

Know that prayer has certain conditions, a shart is something that is incomplete without it (need it to be valid) for example is doing akhar after a prayer a shart of prayer? The answer is no its not a shart of prayer. Among these conditions are things that are agreed to be obligatory.

1. Maturity (Bulugh- to reach puberty)
2. Without an excuse

There are things for the validity of the prayer but what is the difference. The conditions of the prayer are trying to fulfill the obligation and the obligation is referring to need to do it.

What are the conditions of validity (saha- it is related to Sahih like sahih bukhari)

1. Taharat (purity from ritual impurities)
2. Covering the awrah
3. Facing the Qibla
4. Islam
5. The absence of invalidators of prayer

What is taharah khabath, if you have done your wudu and you have not invalidated it by passing wind or going to sleep this means encountering a filthy thing that is on you. Khabath refers to it being on you where as if you pass wind or sleep there is nothing is on you.

Qibla

What is the range of the Qibla?

The range is around 45 degrees or so, historically in the Maliki school you could go up to 180 degrees. The Muslims often times are far away from Mecca being in North or west Africa or elsewhere and many Masjids are many degrees off. This assumes that you don’t have something that can accurately tell you the Qibla, the allowance of deviance is built upon your ability to perceive the degree of deviance. In our modern times you can get on your phone and get the proper Qibla position and this will only get more accurate with time!

Things that invalidate the prayer

Praying at the wrong time is a example invalidating the prayer, this does not refer to guessing the time with honest conviction. In pre modern times determining the prayer times was a bit more difficult than now with digital phones but the one who puts 0 effort in and prays off a whim his prayer is not valid because he could have investigated and known the truth but the man in prison or the desert has more lenience. Bring in a state of intoxication is another thing that would invalidate the prayer.

Conditions which are required for the obligation and the validity of prayer

which means if you are lacking one of these things you cannot preform a valid prayer and your not even obligated to pray in the first place. In the previous case doing a nullifer of prayer would remove a valid prayer but you are still obligated to pray and you must make up that prayer but in some cases, you are not required to pray at all

1. Aql (Rational state of mind, this is related to intoxication as the one who is intoxicated has an impaired mind until the intoxication wares off. The definition of insanity in shariah)
2. Waqt (You must pray at the right time, if you are in fajr and you pray thuhur then your pray is not accepted nor were you obligated to pray thuhr there both your not accepted or obligated to pray)
3. No hayd (you don’t pray during hayd and you’re not obligated to pray hayd if you did pray it’s not accepted)
4. Having the ability to use water and a situatable flat plain to pray (Without water then you can’t pray although you can do Tayummum. If you have a little water, you can’t, use it for wudu or you would die of dehydration in that case you are excused as for saidan it referring to a flat place and means to pray but perhaps he is referring to suitable earth for tayummum)

Fasl fi akham al miyyah Chapter on rules related to water

Taharat to khbath and hadith both are purified with water as water is pure and purifies other things and this is water in its pure and absolute form whether it comes from the sky or springs from the earth!

If water has changed in its color taste or smell with mixed with something that is impure then it too becomes impure

If water has changed in its color taste or smell with mixed with something that is impure then it too becomes impure (considered as insufficient to use for wudu), Human waste and other najasat are in are waters but because it is in small amounts it is excused. On a side note, a handful of countries contribute to the oceans waste due to evil and corrupt governmental practices but in this case the color taste and smell of the ocean is not changed so it’s pure.

If something changes the water but it is not impure or you are not sure what it is that has changed the water

If something changes the water but it is not impure or you are not sure what it is that has changed the water (pure or impure substance) the water would be considered pure in a non-absolute sense. This means it can be used for daily use but not for ritualistic worship because the doubt invalidates its use but ultimately it is a matter of ijtihad by the onlooker but it is better safe than sorry as water is in abundance in our times doubtful water and easily be replaced with certain water.

Something is not made impure by picking up a little smell from it,

Something is not made impure by picking up a little smell from it, if the water carries a slight smell, then the water is not impure it did not pass the threshold from its smell alone. Water is not considered changed for the purpose of ritual worship if it is changed by something form the earth such as ochre, Alum the natural form in which aluminum is made, it can be clay or iron or so on. A water with a little iron in it can actually be healthy for you to boost your iron count likewise things remaining for a long time in the water does not make it impure such as leaves and sticks or things which live in the water, they do not impurify, in example fish. We known the Malikis say all living creatures are pure and we know that the water creatures are pure as well so for them to swim in the water does not make it impure as well as organic plant matter such as leaves algae moss etc.

What else does not modify the water in a legally voiding way

Things which are impossible to avoid an example of this is chlorine found in modern tap water for the health of the cities to prevent certain bacteria from reproducing in the water, If you pour up tap water and smell it has a chemical smell or a cloudy appearance at times but this is impossible for us to avoid so we can pray with government provided water because the conditions that would be valid in the medieval definition would be near impossible in our modern times.

Disliked

It is disliked to use a small amount of water if a little impurity has gotten into it but has not changed it. What he is saying is its not good to use water that you know has impurity in it although it does not change in taste color or smell, if it was a small amount of water and you changed its color taste and smell its not valid despite it being a small amount.

If a dog

If a dog drinks from within the water vessel its recommended to empty the jug the prophet dealt with this situation in his lifetime, if an animal (a creature with flowing blood) all into your well and dies then it’s recommended to remove the animal or to drain the water in the well. You want to get rid of the impurity in your well, if you cannot because the well is deep or whatever other reason then you can continue dump water into the well to wash away the rotting corpse from within the well.

If a baree (an animal) with blood (flowing flood) which means anything other than an insect dies within the well

If a baree (an animal) with blood (flowing flood) which means anything other than an insect dies within the well if it does not change the water clearly (to the point its obviously dirty) then in that case it would be recommended to remove it but if it did not change it then you are free from changing it. What is this question describing? What do you do if an animal dies within your well?

You would remove the Animal first of foremost,

if the well is too deep then you can pour water into it to carry away and dissipate the impurities and allow the animal to decompose.

Interesting point all intoxicating fluids are Najas (impure) The Najas is referring to spiritually najas,

Is non liquid intoxicants najas?

To simply touch najas is impure and you would have to wash it off, in a more modern sense does toughing marijuana alone have the same effect? It’s known that the drug fentanyl can even give overdoses so it showing there is a level of absorption as well as some medicines and steroid creams are administered through cream this is a good point to come back to and use our critical thinking skills.

What comes off a living creature

What comes off of a living creature is impure before it is ritually slaughtered. An example would be a horn from a ram, horns are not haram to use as decoration or as a grip for a sword but the prerequisite would be removing it from the body after slaughtered the animal.

1. Sweat
2. Saliva
3. Tears
4. Mucus

Are not Najas which is very important to know. If an animal dies on its own such as falling and dying from the height or whatever all of its body and parts are haram except its hair and hide (Fur). The hair can make wool or clothing etc (paint brushes), a feather can in the pre modern world make a quill. So, anything other than the hair or fur would be considered Najas in Classical Islamic law. To do eat blood bile or pork would not remove you from Islam but rather you would be a sinful Muslim.

Also, najas is

Black blood which could be caused by multiple causes but I believe it is referring to old blood. Also, najas is bile and pus are najas. Fun fact there is a tribe in Tanzania that loves to eat blood and stomach bile which in my opinion is not appetizing but they love to eat it somehow that it is a delicacy for them but in Maliki fiqh it would be considered Najas and perhaps this would be a deal breaker to converting to Islam (Classical fiqh). The duke of Moscow in before they officially become a Christian nation there was a choice between Islam and Christianity and the duke of Russia heard the greatness of Islam theology the culture and success and Baghdad and its just Muslims ruler but when he heard he had to give up alcohol so he chose Christianity over Islam due to that reason.

Also, Najas is

Blood even if it is from a fish or a fly or a flee. There in the footnote makes an interest point it says Ibn arabi (Al Maliki not the Sufi sheikh) says fish blood is Tahir this shows there is at least 1 opposing opinion.

Seamon in all forms from Animals is najas. Urine and feces from animals which are haram to eat are Najas. If you cannot consume their meat then their urine and feces is impure the opposite would be the halal to consume animals’ urine and feces would be halal to encounter. You cannot eat a donkey therefore its body fluids would be najas, likewise animals which are Makruh to eat would also take this running such as cats.

To use the Najas in some fashion after a significant period has passed

This would refer to a impure thing which stops being impure due to time

The urine and feces of human beings are najas unless they are from the prophets. In our times there are not any accepted prophets claiming prophet hood therefor this is a theoretical ruling as of now.

Also impure is the Milk of a haram to eat animal, rotten eggs, vomit, regurgitated things (I am not sure what the difference between these 2 things would be.) There is khilaf upon the issue if the vomit was changed or not for example if you bite a burger and it reaches the stomach and you throw up and it was not changed then it would not be najas but tahir as the food did not change (there are some minority opinions that say otherwise). Everything other than what is mentioned her is considered as pure!

Impurities which can be excused

Up to a dirham in size of blood or pus or bile or the remains of a squished fly on your body or clothes can be excused. The most common modern-day example that is relevant in our modern times would be blood as most modern civilized men and women do not deal with pus or raw animal corpse often. Incontinence would be excused which refers to a person who cannot hold their bowls and bladder and they are having a chronic failure of preserving their bowels then they do not consider their purity broken. If you are a young healthy man then this would not apply to you as it is not a chronic illness but a one-time mistake on your part. Any traces of wounds ulcers and boils (unless its one boil such as a pimped or zit) would be excused.

This is a major point! Everything which is difficult to avoid

Such as the clothing of a nurse who tends to sick people or a rubbish collector or a butcher (who cuts meat daily) which are still relevant occupations in our modern times which should not surprise us as this is a more modern Maliki fiqh work. In most pre modern text authors did not have many outfits and lenin options as we do in our modern times which is why they included this point as if they removed their work cloths some would have to go naked.